Pest and Disease Control
Hydroponic gardening's popularity has grown in leaps and bounds in recent years, especially in North America.
Think
Ahead, Stay Ahead...
As with soil-based gardens, hydroponic
plants require good pest and disease maintenance controls.
Failure to do so creates the same results as with 'ordinary' gardens
(i.e. spindly or dead plants). Since the majority of hydroponic plants
are fruits and vegetables, that means the plants are not worth eating.
However, managing the hydroponic garden is even trickier, since
disease and pests have it much easier in this setting. Plants are
continuously kept wet, either immersed in water ('true' hydroponics)
or continually sprayed (aeroponics) or reside in a permanently wet
medium such as perlite or sand. Fortunately, as with soil-based
gardens, there is a large array of available methods to manage the
problem.
Controlling Pests and Disease
Using beneficial life forms is one popular way to control unwanted pests, including certain types of bacteria and fungi. These can help to control spider mites and other invaders by crowding them out, eating them or releasing compounds toxic to the pest. They're known as beneficial organisms because they do all that without damaging the plants themselves.
» Different types of pesticides are available, too. Pesticidal soaps have been in use for centuries and still provide effective and non-toxic ways to keep the pests down. One category, called botanicals, are compounds released by plants themselves that have been combined into an easy-to-use pest control method. Botanicals break down naturally from exposure to air and water and are brilliant because they leave no harmful chemicals behind.
»
Neem oil can control over
400 different types of pests that commonly invade gardens, including
hydroponic ones. A simple spray to the leaves can
often eliminate common pests. The bugs absorb the oil, which limits
their ability to reproduce, leading to a lower population. For more
serious infestations, many commercial pesticides continue to work
well.
»
Pyrethrum continues to be
a safe and effective means of control. Though it
sounds man made it is actually derived from flowers. This class of
natural compounds released by plants are extracted and used in many
commercial insecticides. Dosage is low, so the compound is very safe
when used correctly (always read the label). Azatrol is a broad
spectrum insecticide that provides another easy control method over
most common pests.
White flies, aphids, mites and other pests can be a problem in
hydroponic settings, just as in soil-based gardens. Powdery mildew is
common. In fact, because of the continual moisture, bugs and pests
have a 'friendly' environment. Making it 'unfriendly' is
straightforward enough, using fungicides and organicides. Sulfur-based
compounds can help control white flies, mealy bugs, thrips and more.
Hydroponic gardeners have to exercise additional care when using any
disease or pest control method, though. Since no soil is present to
hold on to the roots, it's easier to damage a plant when manipulating
the leaves and stems. That means that if you pick off pests by hand,
an effective method for low-number infestations, it's important to
exercise extra care.
Since moisture is present, mildew and other fungi are more common in
hydroponic gardens. Keeping leaves dry and just the roots wet will
help. Any insecticide sprayed on to your plants or vegetables should
be allowed to dry under the grow lights. Aeroponically grown plants,
for example, may require a temporary relocation out of the indoor
garden.